Paper for the XXXIII International Congress of
the World Association for the History of Veterinary Medicine, Wittenberg,
Germany, 21-24 August 2002; Proceedings, Verlag der Deutschen
Veterinarmedizinische Gesellschaft: pages 183-193.
(Updated on
HISTORY
OF ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE OF THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
V. Kouba
Former Chief, Animal Health Service, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Introduction
1.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) established a
special unit - Animal Health Service (AGAH) soon after its foundation in 1945.
This paper is dedicated to concise story of the AGAH during second half of the
20th century. AGAH was responsible for global animal health policy within the
United Nations Organization. AGAH was supporting this FAO policy of social,
economic and agriculture development to raise standards of living and to better
conditions of rural populations.
2.
AGAH assisted to member countries in economically effective prevention and
control of animal diseases through
elaborating and implementing national and international strategies and
programmes. Wide spectrum of AGAH activities included strengthening and
developing: protection of animal health, control of animal diseases, veterinary
services organization, management and manpower; education and training;
diagnostic laboratories, vaccine production and control; information systems,
etc. The assistance was provided through FAO Regular Programme and FAO-operated
field projects funded by various donor agencies and governments.
Material
3.
The paper is based on official FAO documents such as FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health
Yearbooks (1), a variety of FAO technical publications (3,6,7,8,12,14), reports
from formal meetings (2,9,13), projects documents, missions reports and other
Animal Health Service documents, periodicals (4,5,10,11), literature sources
(15,16,17) as well as on personal experience of the author as former FAO HQs
staff member *).
----------------------------------------------------------
*) Animal Health Officer (Research and
Education), Animal Health Officer (Veterinary Intelligence), Chief-Editor of
FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook, Senior Officer (Animal Health) responsible
for Veterinary Services Group and Chief of FAO Animal Health Service.
AGAH responsibility
4.
AGAH activities represented one of integral components of FAO social, economic
and agriculture development policy. FAO had three major roles in the area of
food and agriculture: to act as a centre for the collection and analysis of
information; to act as an international forum and source of policy advice; and
to provide its Member Nations with technical assistance. The first two of these
roles were fulfilled largely through FAO's Regular Programme, financed by the
Organization' Member Nations. FAO's third role, providing technical assistance,
was accomplished mainly through its Field Programme and was financed largely
from extra-budgetary resources.
5.
AGAH main responsibility was to help member countries in animal disease
prevention and control with the objective of improving livestock production and
protection of human health against zoonoses.
AGAH was furnishing on request from the governments specific technical
assistance, organizing missions for preparing and executing national and
international animal health projects. The highest priority was given to
developing countries, particularly those in
6. Up to the middle of the eighties the
responsibility for animal health research and education had Livestock Research
and Education Service (later changed into Animal Production Service dealing
mainly with animal nutrition and genetics) and for food hygiene had Meat and
Dairy Service of the same division. Research
and education activities were during the 1980s' incorporated into AGAH to cover
all spectrum of animal health problems. Food hygiene was left with the WHO.
---------------------------------------------
Chiefs of Animal Health Service,
FAO HQs: E. Eichorn (USA), Reg Barn Griffiths (United Kingdom) 1972-1978, Yoshihiro
Ozawa (Japan) 1979-1987, Paul McCocker
(Australia) Acting Chief 1987, Václav Kouba (Czechoslovakia) 1988-1991, Yves
Cheneau (France) 1991-2000, Joseph Maurice Domenech (France) 2001-2009, Juan
Lubroth (USA) 2009- .
AGAH position, structure
and staff
7.
AGAH was working within Animal Production and Health Division (AGA) of
Agriculture Department. AGAH structure was gradually developed in three groups:
veterinary services group, infectious and parasitic diseases group, tsetse
& trypanosomiasis group. Within AGAH was also the secretariat of the
European Commission for Foot-and-mouth disease Control. AGAH was methodically
supervising animal health officers and activities of FAO Regional Offices in
8. At FAO HQs during the 1980s’ there were working in average 15
veterinarians as AGAH professional staff members at P-4 and P-5 UN levels. For example in
1990 for the activities described in this paper (including global FAO/WHO/OIE Animal
Health Yearbook information system) the FAO Animal Health Service had 21
persons (15 animal health officers plus 6 supporting persons for Regular
programme) backstopping 218 field projects. In 2010 the AGAH had already 55
persons (only Infectious Disease Group had 29 persons including 6 veterinary epidemiologists).
In FAO field projects during second half of the 20th century were
working thousands of international animal health specialists. On FAO active
international roster of experts as candidates for AGAH field posts were many
hundreds of veterinarian professionals from almost all the countries.
Examples:
Number of FAO Animal Health Field Experts was in September 1989 86 fielded and
50 under recruitment ones; additionally 35 vacant posts were to be filled. At
the end of 2010 there were 156 veterinary experts workig for FAO: 14 in
AGAH Regular Programme
activities
9.
The assistance of the AGAH Regular Programme concerned a great variety of
activities consisting in technical advice, international experts consultations,
top level specialists consultancies, research contracts, technical publications
(e.g., disease control methods), education and training, international
coordination, etc.
Note: Programme of Work and Budget for 1980-1981,
Sub-Programme 2.1.3.2 Animal Health: Regular Programme : 21.7 Man Years (incl. 12
professionals) – 2 120 000 USD, Extra-budgetary 4 354 000
USD = Total 6 474 000 USD.
10.
AGAH was assisting member countries and regions in: development of veterinary
manpower through veterinary education, training, thousands of fellowships,
establishing and strengthening veterinary schools; strengthening animal health
services, development of veterinary legislation, organization of veterinary services
infrastructure; establishing and strengthening diagnostic laboratories, vaccine
production and control of major viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases giving
priority to farm animals; introduction of biotechnological methods; provision
of equipment and vaccines; information on animal diseases; economics of animal
diseases control; etc..
Examples: FAO/DANIDA
International Postgraduate Courses in Preventive Medicine, Food Hygiene and
Veterinary Public Health (1969-1981) and FAO/SIDA International Postgraduate
Courses in Veterinary Pathology and Animal Reproduction (1954-1985);
establishment a new veterinary faculty in Lusaka in 1980 (supported by Japanese
government) to serve the Sub-region of Southern Africa; in 1979, FAO offered 99
fellowships for the individual training of selected veterinary specialists from
developing countries to be trained in the best training centres of the
developed countries.
11.
The backbone of FAO international animal health information system was
FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook created in 1956 (founded by Dr H.O.
Konigshofer). It contained information on about one hundred transmissible
animal diseases in all the countries. The Yearbook was based on national
reporting of animal disease which were of interest, in terms of socio-economic
and public health consequences, to both international and domestic trade. It
was providing current data and information on yearly basis on the world
health/disease status from more than 170 countries of more than 15 animal
species and groups. This was supplemented by information on livestock
population and on the number of veterinarians and auxiliary personnel. The
Yearbook also was providing an update list of reference laboratories, reference
centres and collaborating centres that were recognized by FAO and WHO. The
three languages yearbook, disseminating information on major animal diseases
occurring in the world, was addressed to veterinarians, veterinary
policy-makers, managers, educators, researches, scientists, etc. Up to 6500 copies
were distributed every year. In 1996 the statistic data took over the OIE in
Chief-Editors and officers responsible for global animal health
information system: H. Konigshofer, V. Kouba, M. Bellver-Gallent, L. Velloso,
P. Finelle, V.R. Welte.
During the 1990's AGAH in cooperation with
IFAD developed Regional Animal Disease Surveillance and Control Network
(RADISCON) starting with specialized information system in
12.
Of particular importance were global networks of FAO reference laboratories and
FAO collaborating centers, for major diseases and other animal health problems
of international importance, performing specific studies, research and
training, providing information, advise, diagnostic tests, etc.. In 1989 were
established regional networks to promote application of biotechnology, mainly
for animal disease diagnosis and vaccine production.
Diseases control
13.
AGAH programme covered almost all major fields of veterinary medicine.
Particular attention was given to emergency assistance in the cases of
outbreaks of the most dangerous diseases when immediate actions were taken to
provide experts, supply vaccines, assist in final diagnosis confirmation, etc.
14.
The effective control of communicable diseases required international effort.
AGAH's Infectious Diseases Group and Parasitic Diseases Group took a lead in
the international coordination of the prevention, diagnosis and control of
important diseases.
15.
Priority was given to those diseases which spread rapidly, crossing country
borders, killing animals, threatening human lives and complicated international
trade in animals and animal products.
16.
Special attention was given to control of major animal diseases such as rinderpest
(worldwide eradication programme), foot-and-mouth disease, CBPP,
trypanosomiasis, tick-borne diseases, African swine fever, Rift Valley fever,
helminthiases, screwworm, bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis, etc. During the nineties
AGAH was involved also in solving serious problems related with bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) as new emerging disease. In the middle of the
nineties AGAH started emergency prevention system for transboundary animal
diseases (EMPRES).
17.
In 1990 AGAH launched a new programme dealing with tropical and subtropical
helminth parasitoses and non-infectious (production) disease, such as
nutritional, reproduction, genetic disease, toxicoses, environmental and
hygienic deficiencies, etc. which cause enormous losses in quantity and quality
of food of animal origin.
18. Rinderpest. “Joint Campaign against Rinderpest in
The successful completion of
the global rinderpest eradication programme under the leadership of the AGAH
FAO = the most important event in the history of veterinary medicine. This historic achievement of the global
eradication of rinderpest ranked as the second in history after the global
eradication of smallpox in humans in 1980.
19.
AGAH Insect Vector Disease specialists were spearheading the control of
tsetse-borne Trypanosomiasis by introducing new, ecologically sound
techniques for containing the tsetse challenge, working closely with national
land use planners. The joint programme was implemented by FAO, WHO, IAEA and
OAU/IBAR together with national governments supported by many donor countries
and organizations. Costly programme against trypanosomiasis in
20.
AGAH was particularly successful in the eradication of the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in
Field projects
"backstopping"
21. AGAH was responsible for technical
back-stopping of all FAO veterinary field projects and projects having animal
health components at the national, subregional, regional and global levels.
During the second half of the 20th century number of these projects of
different duration reached several thousands. These projects involved almost
all countries, first of all developing ones, being supported by budgets
reaching in summary many billions of US$.
Examples: At the end of 1979, the AGAH was
operating 80 projects in 58 developing countries, two regional projects and
five global projects. In 1990 AGAH was involved in 218 FAO field projects (in
about one hundred countries), of which 148 in operation and 19 in pipeline were
under AGAH as leading service. Full list see in http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz/projects.ppt. Total budget of these projects reached about
200 millions of US$. Due to UN economical crisis also AGAH programme was
gradually reduced: e.g. in 1995 the number of projects backstopped by AGAH was
dropped to a half (110 projects) and support by UNDP to a fifth (20 projects
only).
22. In the above-mentioned projects during the
evaluated period thousands of international experts were working together with
their national counterparts.
Examples: In 1979 were employed
161 international long-term experts in
the field projects and 7 post were being filled; in addition to those, there
were 19 consultants and 41 associate professional officers. In 1989 in AGAH field
projects 54 international long-term experts (plus 10 under recruitment), 12
associate professional officers and 20 short-term consultants (plus 37 under
recruitment) were employed.
Field programme financing
23. In the nineties about one half of FAO field
projects in operation were trust fund projects. These funds were set up and
administered by FAO on behalf of the countries and institutions that donated
them and on behalf of the recipient countries that benefited from them.
24.
FAO had three sources for its Field Programme. First, its own Technical
Cooperation Programme (TCP) which was funded from the Organization's Regular
Programme, and was used to respond rapidly to urgent and unforeseen requests
for technical and emergency assistance. TCP supported also formulation of
projects for technical assistance and investment expected to be funded from
other sources. Other source was represented by the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) - the UN's central source for technical assistance funding.
For many years, UNDP financed the bulk of FAO's Field Programme. Gradually UNDP
participation was reduced. Trust funds (TF) provided the remaining funding
amounting to be the major source of international aid.
25.
Donors frequently chose to take advantage of FAO's technical expertise, trained
personnel and language skills needed to operate effectively with the countries
of their choice on subjects of their choice.
FAO as an objective and neutral source of advice was offering: the
preparation of cost/effective project proposals; the ability to run projects
efficiently; a large international roster of experts on which to draw for field
staff; accurate and timely reporting on project finance and progress and
appropriate operational and technical "backstopping" by Headquarters
services.
26.
Among the Trust Funds belonged the most important the FAO/Government
Cooperative Programme (GCP), Unilateral Trust Funds (UTF), Associate
Professional Officers' Programme (APO), FAO's Special Relief Operations (OSRO)
and programmes financed by other United Nations bodies, non-government
organizations (NGOs) and independent foundations. The GCP was the largest of
the trust fund programme. Assistance was usually provided by an industrialized
country or an institution such as development bank.
Other involvement of FAO
animal health experts
27.
FAO animal health experts were involved also in FAO units dealing with
livestock production, food hygiene, Codex Alimentarius, application of nuclear
techniques in agriculture, agriculture manpower development, etc.
28. In 1964 a Joint
FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture was
established at International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) in
Heads of
Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division: L.E. Ericson, P.
Knutsson, G. Ward, H. Holler, J.E.Vercoe, L. Hopkins, J.E. Young, J.D. Dargie
and M.H.Jeggo.
29. European
Commission for the Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease (EUFMD) was
established in 1954 under the aegis of FAO, while foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
was enzootic in
Chairpersons: 1954-1957 J.C. Nagle (Ireland),
1958-1959 J.M. Van den Born (Netherlands), 1960-1964 Sir John Ritchie (UK),
1965-1966 R. Gaier (Austria), 1967-1970 C. Werdelin (Denmark), 1971-1972
A.G.Beynon (UK), 1973-1975 A. Nabholz (Switzerland), 1977-1980 A. Brown (UK),
1981-1982 H. Van den Berg (Netherlands), 1983-1987 A. Rojahn (Fed.Rep.Germany),
1987-1988 W.H.G. Rees (UK),1989-1990 P.Gafner (Switzerland), 1991-1992 E. Stougaard
(Denmark), 1993-1996 K.C. Meldrum (UK), 1997-2000 R. Marabelli (Italy), 2001 I.
Sánchez (Spain), 2002-2003 L. Èeleda (Czech Republic), 2003 – Karin
Schwabenbauer (Germany).
Secretaries: 1954-1956 Tomas Dalling (UK), 1957-1962
Erik Fogedby (Denmark), 1963 – 1978 G.M. Boldrini (Italy), 1978-1993 Panos Stouraitis
(Greece), 1994- 2001 Yves Leforban (France) and 2001- present
30.
FAO animal health experts were involved also in FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius
Commission created in 1962 as an international body with the specific aim
of protecting the health of the consumers, ensuring fair practice in the food
trade and promotion of harmonization of food standards. The Codex Alimentarius
included provisions in respect of the hygienic and nutritional quality of food,
including microbiological norms, provisions for food additives, pesticides
residues, contaminants, labelling and presentations, and methods of analysis
and sampling. Animal health experts elaborated recommended international code
for ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection of slaughter animals and for meat
judgement.
Collaboration
31.
AGAH collaborated with different international organizations, in particular
with WHO and OIE. As examples can be mentioned joint WHO/FAO field programmes
against: rabies in developing countries, trypanosomiasis and Rift Valley Fever
in
Conclusion
32.
AGAH during second half of the 20th century contributed significantly to the
development of veterinary medicine, animal health services and to prevention
and control of major animal diseases in the world, firstly in developing
countries. Historical information can serve as an important source of
experience to be considered when preparing future international and national
animal health programmes.
References:
1.
FAO (1956-1996) - FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook,
2.
FAO (1974) - Report of the Expert Consultation in the programme for the control
of African trypanosomiasis,
3.
FAO (1977-2000) Animal Production and Health Papers, FAO Technical Papers,
4.
FAO (1978-1990) - AGA Information Notes,
5.
FAO (1980-1995) - World Animal Review,
6.
FAO (1991) - Guidelines for strengthening animal health services in developing
countries.
7 FAO (1992) - The
8.
FAO (1995) - FAO Trust Funds Mobilizing Resources for Food and Agriculture,
FAO,
9.
FAO (1998) - Report of Rinderpest: The
Challenge Ahead. FAO Technical Consultation on the Global Rinderpest
Eradication Programme. 201 pp.
10.
FAO (1998-2000) - EMPRESS Transboundary Animal Disease Bulletin,
11.
FAO/IAEA (1998-2001) - Animal Production
and Health Newsletter, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food
and Agriculture, IAEA,
12.
FAO/WHO (1999) - Understanding The Codex Alimentarius, FAO,
13.
FAO (1999) - Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant
Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) - Report of Expert Consultation,
14.
Kouba V. & col. (1990) - FAO Animal Health Service Autoevaluation, FAO,
15.
Kouba V. (1997) - Contribution of Veterinary Services to Economic Development
and Protection of Human Health - Historical Aspects. World Vet. Assoc. Bul.,
Vol. 14: 78-83.
16.
Kouba V. (1999) - Veterinary and human medical programmes against zoonoses -
Interaction at a global level - Historical aspects. World Veterinary Assoc.
Bul., Vol. 16, No 1.: 22-26.
17.
Kouba V. (2011) – Contribution to global eradication of rinderpest. http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz/rp_actions3.htm
18.
Lamm C.G. (1994) - The History of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear
Techniques in Food and Agriculture and its Allied Laboratory (1964-1994),
International Atomic Energy Agency, Viena, 186 pp.
ANNEXES - TABLES
1. FAO/WHO
EXPERT CONSULTATIONS ON VETERINARY EDUCATION
2. EXAMPLES OF FAO COLLABORATING CENTERS AND REFERENCE
LABORATORIES IN 1995
3. HISTORY OF
THE FAO-OIE-WHO ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK CONTENTS
4. HISTORY OF
FAO TOP LEVEL ANIMAL HEALTH COURSES FOR SPECIALISTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
5. CHIEFS OF
ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
6. HEADS OF
ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH SECTION, JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR
TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
7. FAO/WHO/OIE
ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOKS EDITORS & RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FAO INTERNATIONAL
ANIMAL
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
8. FAO FIELD
PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE (AGAH) IN 1990
9. HISTORY OF
FAO MEETINGS DEALING WITH ANIMAL HEALTH DURING 1980-1995
10. HISTORY OF
FAO PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS ON ANIMAL HEALTH SUBJECTS ISSUED DURING THE
PERIOD 1982-1995
11. LIST OF
FAO FIELD REGIONAL PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE IN
12. LIST OF
FAO FIELD REGIONAL PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE IN NEAR
EAST,
13. THE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (EUFMD)
14. JOINT
FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE,
15. HISTORY OF
FAO/WHO/OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK DATA
16.
FAO/WHO/OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK SYMBOLS ON DISEASE OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL
MEASURES
17. FINANCIAL SOURCES FOR FAO ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE ACTIVITIES
18. EXAMPLES
OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS COLLABORATING WITH FAO ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE
19.
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAO-WHO-OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK IN 1987
20.
EXAMPLE OF STAFF STRUCTURE OF FAO ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE – IN 1990
TAB. 1
FAO/WHO EXPERT CONSULTATIONS ON VETERINARY EDUCATION
=============================================================================================
First International Meeting on Veterinary Education, held in
First Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Panel on Veterinary Education, held
in
Second Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Panel on Veterinary Education, held
in
Second FAO/WHO International Meeting on Veterinary Education, held in
Third Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Panel on Veterinary Education, held
in
Fourth Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Veterinary
Education held in
Fifth Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Veterinary Education
held in
==============================================================================================
TAB. 2
EXAMPLES OF FAO COLLABORATING
CENTERS AND REFERENCE
LABORATORIES IN 1995
=============================================================================================
For:
Brucellosis:
Central
Veterinary Laboratory,
Leptospirosis:
Laboratory of
Microbiology and Pathology, Department of Health,
Mycoplasmosis:
Public Health
Laboratory Service,
Toxoplasmosis:
Statens Seruminstitut,
Food Hygiene and Zoonoses:
Institute of
Veterinary Public Health:
Indian
Veterinary Research Institute,
Research and Training in
Veterinary Public Health
Laboratorio di parassitologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
Research and Training
in Vet. Epidemiology and Management:
Istituto
Zooprofilattico Sperimentale,
=============================================================================================
Source: FAO-OIE-WHO Animal
Health Yearbook 1995
TAB. 3
HISTORY OF THE FAO-OIE-WHO ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK CONTENTS
============================================================================================
From 1956: (Founder : Dr H.O.
Konigshofer)
Animal diseases tables according
to individual countries
Number of livestock and human
population
Number of veterinarians
Main Changes in the
Epizootiological Situation
Types of the Virus of FMD
identified at Pirbright World Reference Laboratory
Report of the European
Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Reports of Pan American
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Centre
From 1982:
APHCA Reports on FMD in
Professional and Technical Veterinary Manpower (Number of veterinarians
- total, government,
lab/univ.,private; number of animal health auxiliary personnel)
From 1983:
Number of Animal Deaths caused by disease (Experimental table)
Total Food Losses caused by Animal Diseases (Exper. table)
Number of Born and Death due to Natural Causes
Editor's Note: Definition of incidence and prevalence
From 1984:
News from WHO - Veterinary Public Health
List of FAO Reference Laboratories for Emergency Diseases
List of FAO Reference Laboratories
List of FAO/WHO Collaborating Centers
(in 1986 - Experimental tables disappeared)
From 1987:
List of FAO Publications and Documents on Animal Health
List of FAO Meeting Reports on Animal Health
From 1988:
Table: Animal Natality and Natural Mortality
FAO/WHO Experimental Table (Zoonoses in Human Population)
Report of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and
Agriculture
OAU/FAO Pan African Rinderpest Campaign (PARC)
List of FAO Field Veterinary and Other Projects backstopped by the
Animal Health Service
List of software packages related to animal population, veterinary
economics, management and epizootiology
From 1989:
Report on the FAO Animal Health Service activities
Report of FAO Regional Offices: for
Lists of FAO/WHO and WHO/FAO Collaborating Centres
List of WHO Zoonoses Centres and WHO Collaborating Centres
From 1990:
Report of Screwworm Emergency Centre for
Report of the International Office of Epizootics (OIE)
List of Institutions of the FAO Technical Cooperation Network on Animal
Production and Health
Biotechnology
From 1996 : tables were merged into OIE World
Animal Health yearbook and texts were modified
and transferred on Internet.
==============================================================================================
TAB. 4
HISTORY OF FAO TOP LEVEL ANIMAL HEALTH COURSES FOR SPECIALISTS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
======================================================================================
Responsibility: FAO HQs Animal Health Officers (Research and Education)
Prof.Dr M. Braend, Prof.Dr V. Kouba.
Ten-months courses for selected
specialists from developing countries - future university teachers
applying the principle: "Teach teachers to teach" the others =
multiplying effect.
I. FAO/SIDA International Postgraduate Courses at the Veterinary
Faculty, Royal Veterinary and
1. FAO/SIDA international postgraduate courses in Veterinary
Pathology
Director: Prof.Dr G. Winquist,
Prof.Dr H.J. Hansen,
assisted by Dr C. Rehbinder
Period: 1954 - 1985
2. FAO/SIDA international postgraduate courses in Animal Reproduction
Directors: Prof.Dr Lagerlof,
Period: 1954 - 1985
3. Regional FAO/SIDA Follow-up seminars providing update
scientific information and methods to former course participants: in Latin
America region, in Asia region and in Africa region for the trainees from the
given regions.
II. FAO/DANIDA International postgraduate courses at the Royal Veterinary and Agriculture
University, Copenhagen,
Period: 1969 - 1981
Coordinator and Secretary to the
Faculty for FAO Fellows:
Dr N. Heje, prof.Dr Bruhn
1. FAO/DANIDA International postgraduate courses in Preventive
Medicine
Directors: Prof. Dr H.C. Adler,
Dr Knudsen
2. FAO/DANIDA International postgraduate courses in Food hygiene and
veterinary public health
Director: Prof.Dr E. Larsen
=============================================================================================
SIDA = Swedish International
Development Authority
DANIDA = Danish International Development Agency
TAB.5
CHIEFS OF ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF
THE UNITED NATIONS
========================================================================================
- 1972 Ervin
E i c h o r n (USA)
1972 -
1979 Reg Barn G r i f f i t h s (
1979 -
1987 Yoshihira O z a w a
(Japan)
1987 Paul McCocker
(
1988 -
1991 Vaclav K o u b a (Czechoslovakia)
1991 - 2003 Yves
C h e n e a u (France)
2003 - 2009 Joseph Maurice D o m e n e c h (France)
2009 - Juan L u b r o t h
(USA)
========================================================================================
TAB. 6
HEADS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH SECTION, JOINT FAO/IAEA
DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
=============================================================
1962 - 1964 Lars Eric E r i c s o n
(
1965 - 1968 Per-Goran K n u t s s o n (
1968 - 1970 Gerald W a r d
(USA)
1970 - 1972 Hugo H o l l e r (Germany)
1972 - 1974 John E. V e r c o e
(Australia)
1975 - 1978 Leon H o p k i n s (USA)
1978 - 1980 John E. V e r c o e
(Australia)
1980 - 1982 Bruce Y o u n g (Canada)
1982 - 1995 James D. D a r g i e
(
1995 - Martyn H. J e g g o (UK)
=============================================================
TAB. 7
FAO/WHO/OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOKS EDITORS & RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
FAO INTERNATIONAL
ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
=======================================================================================
1956 - 1977 H.O. K o n i g s h o
f e r (
1978 - 1983 V. K o u b a
(Czechoslovakia),
1984 V. K o u b a
(Czechoslovakia) and
M. B e l l v e r - G a l
l e n t (Spain)
1985 - 1986 M. B e l l v e r - g a l
l e n t (Spain)
1987 V. K o u b a
(Czechoslovakia) and
L. V e l l o s o (Brazil)
1988 L. V e l l o s o (Brazil)
1989 P. F i n e l l e
(France),
1990 M. B e l l v e r - G a l
l e n t (Spain)
1991 - 1995 V.R. W e l t e (Brazil)
=======================================================================================
Note: From 1996 the FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook was merged into
OIE World Animal Health.
TAB. 8
FAO FIELD PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE
(AGAH) IN 1990
============================================================
Project Number
according to funding
types
----------------------------
Total
UNDP TCP
TF Other
------------------------------------------------------------
AGAH full backstopping projects
ongoing:
all 54 45
19 4 122
national 50 39
11 3 103
regional 4 6
8 1 19
in pipeline:
all 15
4 19
national 10 2 12
regional 5 2 7
-------------------------------------------------------------
Total 69 45
23 4 141
-------------------------------------------------------------
AGAH partial backstopping projects
ongoing:
all 37 26
9 2 74
national 33 19
7 2 61
regional 4 7
2 13
in pipeline:
all - national 3 3
--------------------------------------------------------------
Total 40
26 9 2
77
--------------------------------------------------------------
Grand total 109 71
32 6 218
==============================================================
Source: FAO-WHO-OIE Animal Health Yearbook 1990
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
TCP - FAO Technical Cooperation
Programme
TF - Trust Funds
List of all the above mentioned projects see in http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz/projects.ppt
TAB. 9
HISTORY OF FAO MEETINGS DEALING WITH ANIMAL HEALTH DURING 1980-1995
===================================================================
1980
First Session of the Commission on African Trypanosomiasis
Expert Consultation on Environmental Impact of Tsetse Control
Expert consultation on Control of Emergency Diseases
Panel of Experts on Development Aspects of the Programme for Control of
African
Trypanosomiasis and Related Development
1981
Workshop on Vaccine Production
Inter-governmental Consultation on Development of Facilities for
Veterinary Education in
Panel of Experts on the Ecological and Technical Aspects of the
Programme for the Control of African
Animal Trypanosomiasis and Related Development
FAO/CEC Expert Consultation on African Swine Fever Research
Training Course on Exotic Disease Control
Joint FAO/OAU/OIE Meeting on Rinderpest Eradication in
1982
Commission on African Animal Trypanosomiasis
FAO Training Course on FMD Diagnosis and Control
Seminar on the Control of FMD in the
FAO/OAU Expert Consultation on Improvement of Diagnostic Services in
Workshop on Emergency Disease Control
1983
Seminaire sur l'Epizootiologie et les aspects economiques de la sante
animal
Second Informal Meeting on the Pan-African Rinderpest Campaign
FAO Expert Consultation on the Economics of Tick Control
First Joint Meeting of the Panel of Experts on Development Aspects and
Ecological/Technical Aspects of the
FAO Programme for African Animal Trypanosomiasis
Stage sur la production des vaccines
Third FAO Expert Consultation on Research on Tick-borne Diseases and
their Vectors
1984
Third Session of Commission on African Animal Trypanosomiasis
Ad hoc Consultation on Improved Animal Health Coordination in the
European Region
Expert Consultation on Rinderpest Diagnosis and Vaccine
Production/Control
FAO/EEC Expert Consultation on African Swine Fever/Classical Swine Fever
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in
Foods
Workshop on Emergency Disease Control
Seminario sobre Epizootiología y Economía Veterinaria
Seminar on African Centres for Tick and Tick-borne Disease Control
Consultation of International Organizations on Animal Health in the
Expert Consultation on Veterinary Education in
1985
Seminar on FMD Virus Diagnosis and Identification
Workshop on Vaccine Production in
1986
Expert Consultation on Improvement of Animal Health Services in CILSS
Countries
Expert Consultation on Biotechnology for Livestock Production and Health
Fourth Session of Commission on African Animal Trypanosomiasis
Seminar on Simulation Exercise for FMD Control and Eradication
1987
Expert Consultation on Global Strategy for Control and Eradication of
Rinderpest
Sixth FAO/OAU/WHO/IAEA Seminar on Trypanosomiasis
Expert Consultation on Eradication of Ticks with Special Reference to
the
1988
Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on the Application of
Biotechnology in Livestock
Production and Health in Developing Countries
Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Biotechnology in Animal
Production and Health in
Integrated Tsetse Control and Rural Development
Report of the Fifth Session of the Commission on African Animal
Trypanosomiasis
1989
Expert Consultation on the Revision of Strategy for the Control of Ticks
and Tick-borne
Diseases and their Vectors
1990
Expert Consultation on Cost/Benefit Analysis for Animal Health
programmes in Developing
Countries
Expert Consultation on Strengthening Animal Health Services in
Developing Countries
FAO Seminar on Emergency Action against Foot-and-Mouth Disease (
1991
Report of the Sixth Session of the Commission on African Animal
Trypanosomiasis
Tryps Control as an Element of Sustainable Agriculture Production
Expert Consultation on Food Losses due to Non-infectious and Production
Disease in Developing
Countries
Expert Consultation on Genetic Aspects of Trypanotolerance
Expert Consultation on Helminth Infections of Livestock in Developing
Countries
Expert Consultation on Veterinary Vaccine Quality Control in Developing
Countries
1992
Expert Consultation on Strategy in Diagnosis and Control of Brucellosis
in
Expert Consultation on Strategy for Global Rinderpest Eradication
1993
FAO Panel of Experts on Ecological/Technical and Development Aspects of
the Programme for the Control of African
Animal Trypanosomiasis and Related Development
Expert Consultation on the Use of Applicable Biotechnological Methods in
Diagnosis
Haemoparasites
1994
Commission de la Trypanosomiase Animale Africaine
Application of Effective Herd Health and Production Programmes to
increase Livestock
Production in Developing Countries
First Expert Consultation on Ticks and Tick-e Diseases of Sheep and
Goats
1995
The Programme to Clarify and Solve the Problem of African Animal and
Human Trypanosomiasis
Workshop on Emergency Preparedness and Contingency Planning for
Foot-and-mouth Disease,
Rinderpest and other Epidemic Diseases of Livestock
Emergency Preparedness and Contingency Planning for Rinderpest and other
Epidemic Disease
Emergencies
in
FAO/WHO/OIE Round Table on the Use of Rev.1 Vaccine in Small Ruminants
and Cattle
Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the
European Commission for the
Control of FMD
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) prevention and Control
Strategies in Eastern and
Southern Africa
Panel of Experts on Ecological, Technical and Development Aspects of the
Programme for the
Control of African Animal Trypanosomiasis
=============================================================================================
Source: FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook 1990 and 1995
TAB. 10
HISTORY OF FAO PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS ON ANIMAL HEALTH
SUBJECTS ISSUED DURING THE PERIOD 1982-1995
============================================================
1982:
Training Manual for Tsetse Control Personnel
1983:
Manual for Animal Health Auxiliary Personnel
1984:
Poultry Diseases in the
Emergency Diseases of Livestock
Ticks and Tick-borne Disease Control (A Practical Field Manual)
1985:
Methods of Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment
A Practical Guide for Rinderpest Campaign Field Personnel
A Field Guide for Diagnosis. Treatment and Prevention of African Animal
Trypanosomiasis
1986:
Manual on the Diagnosis of Rinderpest
1989:
Manual for the Control of the Screwworm Fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax
1990:
Viral Haemorrhagic Disease in Rabbits
Guidelines for Strengthening Animal Health Services in Developing
Countries
Vet.Diag. Bacteriology. A Manual of Laboratory Procedures for selected
diseases of Livestock
Lumpy Skin Disease. A Capripox Virus Infection of Cattle in
Manual for the Production of Anthrax and Blackleg Vaccines
1991:
Manual for the Production of Marek's Disease, Gumboro Disease and
Inactivated
1992:
Distribution and Impact of Helminth Diseases of Livestock in Developing
Countries
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
1994:
A Manual for the Primary Health Care Workers
The Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Programme
Training Manual for Tsetse Control Personnel
Manual on Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Helminth Parasites of
Ruminants
Diseases of Domestic Animals Caused by Flukes
Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines in Developing Countries
Quality Control Testing of Rinderpest Cell Culture Vaccine
1995:
Veterinary Education
============================================================================================
Source: FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook 1990 and 1995.
Note: FAO Animal Health Service was participating in issuing FAO journal
“World Animal Review” dealing with
animal production and health problems.
TAB. 11
LIST OF FAO FIELD REGIONAL PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL
HEALTH SERVICE IN
============================================================
- Technical support to Pan-African Rinderpest Eradication Campaign
(PARC)
- Training of Field Personnel in Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control
Methods
- East Coast Fever Vaccine Production and Quality Control
- Production of Anaplasma, Babesia and Heartwater Vaccines for East and
- Control of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in East and
- PARC: Communication and Training (OAU Countries)
- PARC: Training on National Communication Officers (OAU Countries)
-
- Assistance in the Production of Vet. Drugs in SADCC Countries
- East Cost Fever Vaccine Production, Quality Control and Immunization,
SADCC Countries
- Trypanosomiasis in the
- Establishment of an International Disease Diagnosis Centre for
- Lutte contre la trypanosoniase animal dans le bassin du Niger
- Multisectorial assistance to Economic Community of Central African
States
- Veterinary Vaccine Production and Quality Control in
- Trypanotolerant Livestock for Dev. of Tsetse Infested Areas
- Screwworm Emergency Centre for
- Surveillance et prevention de la Lucilie Bouchere
- Training and Information on Selection and Multiplication of
Trypanotolerant Livestock
- Technical Support for National Mass Communication Activities PARC
- Improvement of Vaccine Production in Eastern, Central and
- Communication Coordination (PARC)
- Strengthening the Communication Activities of National Veterinary and
Livestock Services
- Progr. regional de serosurveillance de la peste bovine
- Selection and multiplication of trypanotolerant livestock in
- Regional Survey of Wildlife Utilization (SADCC Countries)
- FAO/DANIDA Programme for Tick and Tick-borne Disease Control in East
and
- Pilot Test for the Eradication of Screwworm from
- Screwworm Surveillance and Prevention
===========================================================================================
FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook 1990
TAB. 12
LIST OF FAO FIELD REGIONAL PROJECTS BACKSTOPPED BY THE ANIMAL
HEALTH SERVICE IN NEAR EAST,
===========================================================================================
Near East Regional Animal Production and Health Project (MINEADEP)
Livestock Training in the
Near East Regional Poultry Training and Development Centre
Western Asia Rinderpest Eradication Campaign Coordination (WARECC)
Prevencion de las principales enfermedades exoticas de los animales en
America Latina y el
Caribe
Asesoria Tecnica a la segreteria pro tempore del tratado de cooperacion
Amazonica
Surveillance and Prevention of
Amblyomma variegatum Tick (Caricom)
===========================================================================================
FAO/WHO/OIE Animal Health Yearbook 1990
TAB. 13
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH
DISEASE (EUFMD)
==========================================================================================
Established in 1954 under the aegis of FAO
while FMD was enzootic in
EUFMD Secretariat was included into FAO Animal
Health Service as particular unit with independent budget (EUFMD member
countries contributions).
Secretaries: Sir Thomas Dalling (
Administrative
Assistants: Ms. Dorino Guarino (
Initial goals were:
- to combat and eradicate FMD in
- to coordinate national control programme
After FMD eradication
in 1990 the main goals were:
- to prevent reintroduction of the FMD virus to
- to limit the risk from countries surrounding
Normative activities:
- circulate information on all aspects of FMD to member countries
- provide advice on preventing and controlling the disease
- organize technical workshops
- establish guidelines for:
security measures in FMD
laboratories,
contingency plans for FMD
control,
disposal of carcasses if the
case of stamping out, standardization of laboratory FMD
tests and reagents, etc.
Operational activities:
- coordinate measures to combat the disease if it occurs
- organized vaccination campaign in the regions at risk
- combat the disease and create buffer zones
- participate in FMD surveillance activities, etc.
============================================================================================
TAB. 14
JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND
AGRICULTURE,
===========================================================================================
The Animal Production and Health Section operated a programme
- to support veterinary services and research institutes in developing
countries in establishing
radio- and enzyme-immunoassay
techniques (RIA and ELISA) and DNA probes for diagnosis and surveillance of
animal diseases.
The support consisted in
- providing equipment
- expert services
- coordination of research programmes
- training fellowships.
To backstop these activities the Section had a Laboratory Unit in
Seibersdorf near
- developing, producing and
distributing standardized diagnostic/seromonitoring kits
- training scientists from
developing countries.
Diagnostic kits for:
- Rinderpest
- Brucellosis
- Trypanosomiasis
- Babesiosis
- IBR
- Aujeszky's disease
- Bovine leucosis
-
- Foot-and-mouth disease
- Bluetongue
- Rift Valley Fever
- Tick-borne diseases
- CBPP
- Peste des petits ruminants, etc.
(Note: In 1995 the kits were used in 70 countries).
Examples of programmes:
- Sero-surveillance of Rinderpest and other diseases in
- Improving the diagnosis and control of trypanosomiasis and other
vector-born diseases of
African livestock using immunoassay methods
- Regional Network for
- Strengthening animal disease diagnosis in
==============================================================================================
TAB. 15
HISTORY OF FAO/WHO/OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK DATA
=============================================================================================
Year Number of Country Number of Animal Diseases
Reports --------------------------
Total A B
C
--------------------------------------------------------
1960 106 99
1965 123 99
1970 141 99
1975 156 99
1980 163 99
1985 151 127 16
79 32
1990 165 142 16
95 31
1995 132 127 15
80 32
=======================================================
OIE List A diseases =
transmissible diseases which have the potential for very serious and rapid
spread, irrespective of national borders, which are of serious socio-economic
or public health consequences and which are of major importance in the
international trade in animals and animal products.
OIE List B diseases =
transmissible diseases which are considered to be of socio-economic and/or
public health importance within countries and which are significant for international
trade of animals and animal products.
FAO List C diseases =
transmissible diseases which are considered to be of lesser socio-economic
and/or public health importance than the OIE Lists A and B diseases.
Data on many diseases were
subdivided according to subtypes and susceptible animal species or
species groups (up to 15). Disease occurrence was classified by 15
grades and disease control information included up to 16 types of
methods.
There were many Explanatory
Notes (e.g. 981 in 1979).
Country reports tables were
grouped according to the continents, i.e.
All texts were in English,
French and Spanish. Introduction text and symbols definitions were also in
Arabic, Russian, Chinese and German.
The yearbook was prepared for
print by the end of May of the following year to be in distribution in July.
Up to 6500 copies were
produced. Majority was distributed free of charge to:
- all FAO, WHO and OIE member country governments
- all Chief Veterinary Officers
- all veterinary faculties
- all FAO and WHO animal health reference laboratories and
collaborating centres
- all institutions of major international importance, etc.
The rest was left for FAO
Distribution and Sales Section.
==============================================================================================
TAB. 16
FAO/WHO/OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK SYMBOLS ON DISEASE
OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL MEASURES
=====================================================
DISEASE OCCURRENCE
0000 Never reported
- Not reported
year Year of last occurrence
? Suspected but not confirmed
(+) Exceptional occurrence
+ Low sporadic occurrence
++ Enzootic
+++ High occurrence
+? Serological evidence and/or
isolation of causative
agent, no clinical disease
+.. Disease exists; distribution
and occurrence unknown
() Confined to certain regions
)( Ubiquitous
! Recognized in country for
the first time
<= Only in imported animals
(quarantine)
... No information available
DISEASE CONTROL
Cn Control of non-vertebrate
vectors
Cr Control of wildlife
reservoirs
P Prohibition of import from
infected countries
Pa Control programme for only
some areas of the country or certain types of breeding
Pn Control programme for the
whole country
Q Quarantine, movement control
and other precautions at frontier and inside the country
Qf Quarantine and other
precautions at frontier
Qi Quarantine measures and
movement control inside the country
S Stamping-out policy
Sp Modified stamping-out policy
T Treatment
te Testing
tv Voluntary testing
V Vaccination
Vp Vaccination prohibited
* Notifiable disease
============================================================================================
TAB. 17
FINANCIAL SOURCES FOR FAO ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE ACTIVITIES
============================================================================================
Type of AGAH activities
Source
------------------------------------------------------------
AGAH Regular Programme FAO regular programme budget
AGAH Technical assistance -
field projects :
under FAO Technical Cooperation
Programme (TCP) FAO regular programme budget
under extra-budgetary sources:
United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP)
FAO/Government Cooperative
Programme (GCP)
Unilateral Trust funds (UTF)
Associate Professional Officers'
Programme (
Other United Nations bodies
Non-government organizations (NGO)
Independent foundations
Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC)
etc.
=============================================================================================
TAB. 18
EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS COLLABORATING WITH FAO ANIMAL
HEALTH SERVICE
====================================================================================
Global organizations:
World Health Organization (WHO)
International Office of Epizootics (OIE)
World Veterinary Association (WVA)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD)
Regional organizations:
Animal Production and Health Commission for
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
European Union (EU)
Inter-African Bureau of Animal Resources (IBAR)
Inter-American Cooperation Group on Animal Health (GICSA)
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)
International Livestock Centre for
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD)
Mediterranean Zoonoses Centre (MZCC)
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Centre (PANAFTOSA)
Pan American Health Organization (PAH0)
Pan American Zoonoses Centre (CEPANZO)
Regional Organization for Animal and Plant Health (OIRSA)
etc.
=====================================================================================
TAB. 19
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAO-WHO-OIE ANIMAL HEALTH YEARBOOK IN
1987
=============================================================================
PRODUCTION:
6 300 copies
DISTRIBUTION:
Free of charge:
by Director General
to all Member Countries of
FAO
to all organizations of
interest to FAO (according to FAO rules and channels of communications
as per Correspondence Directory)
to World Health
Organization (200 copies) for the distribution to all Ministries of
Health in the world
to Office International of
Epizootics (30 copies)
1000 copies available for AGA
Divisional Programme use
by Director, Animal
Production and Health Division,
by Chief, Animal Health
Service and
by Editor-in-Chief
to
all the Chiefs of Veterinary
Services in the world
all the Veterinary Faculties
in the world
all the international
Reference Veterinary Laboratories
all selected institutions
and specialists of FAO interest
The rest of copies remained in the Distribution and Sales Section as
priced publication
(US$ 15.00/copy)
=============================================================================================
TAB. 20
EXAMPLE OF STAFFING STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICE (AGAH), FAO HQs –
YEAR 1990
==================================================================================
Office of the Chief
Chief – D1 Dr Václav Kouba (
Service Chief Secretary Mrs.Christine
Pender-Ferrigno (
EUFMD Secretariat
(European Commission for the Control
Of Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Secretary –
P5 Dr Panos Stouraitis (
Administrative Assistant Ms Joan Raftery (Irland)
Veterinary Services Group
Senior Officer (Animal Health) – P5 Dr Robert Reichard (
Senior Officer (Diseases
Intelligence) – P5 Dr
Pierre Finelle (France)
later – P4 Dr Valdir Roberto Welte (
Senior Officer (Non-infectious
Diseases) –
P5 Dr David E. Ward (
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group
Senior Officer (Tick and
tick-borne Diseases) - P5
Dr Paul J. McCocker (
Animal Health Officer (Bacterial
Diseases) - P4
vacant
Animal Health Officer (Virology)
- P5 Dr Kris J. Wojciechowski (
Animal Health Officer
(Helminthology) - P4 Dr Jörgen W. Hansen (
Animal Health Officer (Infectious Diseases
And Vaccine Quality
Control)– P4 vacant
Trypanosomiasis/Tsetse Control Group
Senior Officer (Tryps Control) - P5 vacant
Animal Health Officer (Tsetse-Controlled
Area Development) - P4 Dr
Philip Marchot (
Animal Health Officer (Tsetse Control)- P4 Dr Brian S. Hursey (United Kingdom)
Animal Health Officer (Insect Control)- P4 Dr Moisés Vargas-Terán (
General Service Staff Supporting Professional
Officers
Ms. Laura Contaldi (Peru)
Ms. Tiziana Farina (Italy)
Ms. Egiziana Fragiotta-Seripa (Italy)
Ms. Letizia Pino (Italy)
Ms. Antonella Falcone (Italy)
Ms. Jennifer Street (USA)
=============================================================================================
Note: D – Director grades, P –
Professional officer grades
Tab. 21
GLOBAL ERADICATION OF
RINDERPEST
– YEARS OF LAST REPORTED
OCCURRENCE
|
1962 |
|
Angola |
|
|
1963 |
|
|
|
|
1964 |
|
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Gambia |
|
|
1966 |
|
Laos |
|
|
1967 |
|
Guinea,
Guinea Bissau |
|
|
1968 |
|
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Bhutan |
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
|
1971 |
|
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Jordan |
|
|
1973 |
|
|
|
|
1974 |
|
|
|
|
1975 |
|
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
|
|
1977 |
|
Vietnam |
|
|
1978 |
|
|
|
|
1979 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
|
|
|
|
1981 |
|
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Lebanon,
Syria |
|
|
1983 |
|
Somalia,
Central African Republic, Izrael, Palestinian Terr. |
|
|
1984 |
|
Chad |
|
|
1985 |
|
Bahrain,
Kuwait, Djibuti |
|
|
1986 |
|
Cambodia,
Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger |
|
|
1987 |
|
Benin.
Egypt, Nigeria, Qatar |
|
|
1988 |
|
Burkina
Faso, Ghana |
|
|
1989 |
|
Georgia |
|
|
1990 |
|
Nepal |
|
|
1991 |
|
|
|
|
1992 |
|
Mongolia |
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
|
1994 |
|
Iran,
Uganda, Sri Lanka |
|
|
1995 |
|
Afghanistan,
Ethiopia, India, Oman, Yemen |
|
|
1996 |
|
Iraq,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates |
|
|
1997 |
|
Tanzania |
|
|
1998 |
|
Russia,
Sudan |
|
|
1999 |
|
Saudi
Arabia |
|
|
2000 |
|
Pakistan |
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
2003 |
|
Mauritania,
Kenya |
|
OIE WAHID
International Animal Health Database, 2010